Types Of Type II Diabetes - 1308 Words

Type II Diabetes Numerous individuals in today’s society are unaware that they might be living with an unknown disease. One of the most serious diseases and most common illness amongst people, and in most cases usually gets misconstrued in our country is, type II diabetes. Statistics show in 2012, 29.1 million Americans, or 9.3% of the population, had diabetes (American Diabetes Association, 2011). Then again, it is due to countless individuals being noninsulin-dependent and it starts with adult onset diabetes. It begins as insulin resistance, a disorder, which the body cannot use the insulin properly (Lerner Lerner, 2008). Hence, what is type II diabetes? Type II diabetes is a chronic condition that affects the way your body†¦show more content†¦Thus, with the characteristics listed above leads to how type II diabetes affects the body. Each cell in the body needs energy to function. The body s essential energy source is glucose, sugar that comes from the absorp tion of sustenance containing carbohydrates. Glucose is what cells need for energy (Fundukian, 2009). What is insulin? Insulin is a hormone delivered by cells secreted in the pancreas, and discharged into the circulatory system. In spite of this, glucose is put away in the liver and muscle as glycogen and prevents the body from utilizing fat as a source of energy. However, when insulin production or resistance can make the pancreas discharge an excessive amount of glucose. At first, the pancreas delivers enough insulin to conquer these issues. However throughout the span of time the pancreas no more makes enough insulin or discharges it too gradually (American Diabetes Association, 2011). At this point when insufficient insulin is created resulting in insulin resistance, glucose stays in the blood as opposed to entering the cells. This outcome causes high blood glucose levels, which is called hyperglycemia. For the body to function normally, the level of glucose in the blood must remain stable. Consequently, when the blood glucose levels get too high the body

Critical Theory - 2567 Words

Choose 2 theories from Semester 1 and highlight the advantages and disadvantages of the theories’ application. In this essay two theories will be examined in regards to their advantages and disadvantages, when applied. For this, Feminism and Post-Colonialism will be used, as both theories unite in their aim to deconstruct the dominant ideologies and stereotypes in a patriarchal and imperialistic ‘white European male ’ dominated society, thus overthrowing centuries of colonization, subordination, marginalization and exploitation Feminists seek to reconstruct decrepit ideas of femininity, and extinguish female oppression over the years. Feminist literary criticism, in the first and seconds waves, critique patriarchal language, by†¦show more content†¦Nassab continues to say that Conrad may have been influenced by Authors with a similar view of Africa such as Henry Stanleys, ‘The dark Continent’ Quoting Chinua Achebe, Nassaab tells us this was, and still is, ‘The dominant image of Africa in the Western imagination and Conrad merely brought the peculiar gifts of his own mind to bear it’. Conrads constant portrayal of Africans as Barbarians, and uneducated savages, reflects Africa as the antithesis of Europe. This preconception was based largely on a lack of knowledge thus leaving Europeans predisposed to viewing Africans in this way. Conrad represents Africa as ‘Other’, he sets in our minds; ‘a place where mans vaunted intelligence and refinement are finally mocked by triumphant bestiality’. (Achebe) Applying a post-colonial critique to this text unveils Conrads’ biasness, nescience of and natural adherence to the discourse of his time. Feminist criticism in this way also points out the image of women as ‘other’. Just as Conrad harbors racist ideologies toward Africa, he also reveals his fixed interpretations and biased male vision of women. Conrad writes; ‘Girl? What did I mention girl? Oh, she is out of it – completely. They, the woman I mean – are out of it – should be out of it. We must help them stay in that beautiful world of their own, lest our gestures get worse.’ Here Conrad completely undermines womens intelligence by suggesting they are/can be nothing more than physically beautiful, painting anShow MoreRelatedThe Critical Theory Of Communication Approach3384 Words   |  14 Pages1. The Critical Theory of Communication Approach to organizations is one that has been contested by notable theorists such as Marx, Deetz, Hegel and Weber. 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The theory explains the origins of mitochondria and chloroplasts and their double membranes, suggesting that chloroplasts and mitochondria represent formerly free-living bacteria that were taken intoRead MoreCritical Theory : A Critical Perspective925 Words   |  4 PagesCritical theory refers to expose institutional and cultural hegemony in society deformity manufacturing and duplication, enlightenment human consciousness, awareness and ability to resist, in order to obtain freedom, liberation theory. Among them, the hegemony that privileged groups to exercise power through a variety of institutions, especially political, judicial and education systems, to safeguard their way to dominance of other groups. As all known, Frankfurt School is famous for Critical TheoryRead MoreCritical Theory : A Critical Perspective816 Words   |  4 Pages The Critical paradigm reflects my worldview, and is a rational lens to perceive reality. 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Reflection On Practice Portfolio Samples †MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the Reflection On Practice Portfolio. Answer: Representation of Values: I work at the psychiatric ward of a hospital. It is quite a different experience than the normal nursing job. Peoples perception about a psychiatric nurse is different as they see us as a mother-figure who consoles the depressed person, passes out medication and makes the bed for the patients. Of course, that is also the part of our job and as a nurse; it is my bound duty to care for the patients. However, what people do not know that we have grown a steel armor behind out care-giving mother figure. We have to coordinate the ward when a violent patient attacks the other patients or the nurses (Morse et al. 2012). In a psychiatric ward, the patients attack nurses more often and every nurse of every psychiatric ward has been attacked (Townsend 2014). I and the other psychiatric nurses have to maintain many complex situations throughout the day. I have to pursue the severe paranoid and schizophrenia patients to take their daily medications. As I am a psychiatric nurse, I often find it difficult to maintain a cordial relationship with the patients (Van Bogaert et al. 2013). All of my patients battles with mental illness. Sometimes the patients become angry and the outcome is not always well. However, I try to be compassionate towards them and use many kinds of audio visual aids to keep our relationship as good as possible. There are some patients in my facility who are suffering from severe depression and they thinks that their life worth nothing. As their primary caregiver, I always try to cheer them up with inspirational cinema or I show them some YouTube videos. Their happiness also makes me happy as I feel I am responsible for their health (Rssler 2012). Many patients in the facility are very talented and have knack for many in spirational and creative works like painting, photography and writing. I inspire the patients to pursue these works as it keeps them happy and helps them to recover from their mental illness very fast. I also have some knack about photography and painting for a long time. Because of this, I try to indulge the patients to do this type of creative work. I also organize poetry recitation program for the patient as they recite their own poetry. It helps me and the other nurses to know about their current mental state (Rankin 2013). I feel very proud when I see my patients be recovered and get out of the facility to be a competent teacher, painter or a photographer. As a psychiatric nurse, I think I possess the value of compassion, which will help me to become a competent nurse for my practice. Reflection of an event ( Rolfe Model): Scenario: A patient named Jasper Smith (age 72) was admitted to my ward after being diagnosed with severe schizophrenia, dementia and hyponatremia. The doctor prescribed to restrict his fluid intake into just 750 ml per day. The mental condition if the patient leads him to demand fluid more. If he is not given the fluid according to his requirement, he starts screaming very loudly, and sometimes becomes violent towards the nurse and the ward boys. The senior nurse has provided a nurse in his service to care for the patient. The nurses takes turn to take care of him from time to time. I was at his care today morning, and during that time, he said to me that a nurse slapped him when he demanded a bottle of juice yesterday night. He started crying while stating the incident. He also said that he wanted to complain the incident to the nurse manager of my ward, but had forgotten to tell him. He will again try to complain the nurse manager about this incident and even will complain to his son about the incident. I consoled him and also apologized to him about the incident. I also assured him that, the nurse will never come to his service and I will talk to the nurse manager by myself about the incident. After being released from his service, I went to the nurse manager to discuss about the incident and together we decided to lodge an incident report (Baldwin and Barker 2013). What? The patient Mr. Smith has schizophrenia, dementia and also suffering from hyponatraemia. Due to his hyponatramia, the patient has very low sodium level, which leads him to have confusion. As the patient has schizophrenia, the patient might also be a psychotic. The patient is also suffering from forgetfulness. This patient has made a serious allegation that a nurse member of my ward has slapped him. The nurse manager and I have checked who was at his service yesterday. Both of us have doubt about whether Mr. Smith can be trusted or not about making this serious allegation against a competent nurse of our ward (Lucas 2012). I played the role of the recipient in the allegation. When I heard about the allegation, I tried to understand and to make sense of the situation. I thought if the allegation were actually true, the patients of my ward would be in vulnerable stage. As a ward nurse, I am aware that the patient is delusional and psychotic but I was surprised to see that he has a variety of the recollection. I was also startled as he started to cry while recalling the incident. After listening to the incident, I self-examined my condition and decided that I would do what I needed to do, that is to take care of my patient. Therefore, I took a step and went to the nurse manager. When the patient saw that his allegation has been taken seriously, he seemed pleased but was still in a lucid state. So what? The part of being a ward nurse is to give the best for the welfare of the patient. As a ward nurse, I just followed my duty towards my patient and told my nurse manager about the incident. I told my nurse manager about this incident even if the patient has reduced capacity of recalling and have a questionable reliability issue (Hansson et al 2013). As a registered nurse, my duty is to ensure that my patient is not in a harmful situation. I just followed the basic rule from the code of ethics, which is to take care of the patients. I have thought about discussing this incident with the accused nurse unofficially, but I backed out from that decision because I felt that that could change to the course of action (Hilsdon 2012). As I analyzed the situation properly, it gave me a deep insight about the situation and I was able to take the appropriate course of action. Now what? As the nurse manager has assumed that he possibly has really abused, she removed the accused nurse from his service. This decision seemed appropriate to me. As the patient is delusional and psychotic and both the nurse manager and I have doubt about this allegation, the nurse manager had not suspended the accused from the service. She warned the accused about the graveness of this allegation and instructed the accused to behave properly with the patients (Fortinash and Worret 2014). When I analyzed the overview, I concluded that there should be two possible outcome of the situation. Either, I did not believe or I believed his allegations. This has created a big conflict in my mind and I was driven to analyze the situation more deeply. Help from the nurse manager has also guide me throughout the conflict and helped me to realize that the problems should be seen in a holistic approach, one should act appropriately according to the approach (Happell, Platania-Phung, and Scott 2013). Analysis of a newspaper article with the same healthcare issue: The newspaper article I am reviewing is named Worker in Expanding Patient-Abuse Scandal at Whiting Forensic Freed After Posting Bail which was published in the newspaper named Hardford Courant on 6th September, 2017. The incident happened at Connecticuts Whiting Forensic Division Hospital, which is regarded as Connecticuts most maximum-security mental hospital. Reportedly, 31 staff members of this hospital abused a 62 year old male patient by putting a diaper over his head, putting salt in his coffee instead of sugar, placing a mop over his head after cleaning a floor and also kicking him. The patient was residing at the hospital from 1995 after being diagnosed with schizoaffective disorder, ASD (autism spectrum disorder) and many other medical conditions. After they were arrested, there are many calls have been made to police after the arrest with many other stories of patient abuse in this hospital. The patient is in trauma after suffering this kind of extreme abuse. All the 31 emp loyees were fired after the reveal. There was a patient named James Bell died there at Whiting after being restrained by the staff member (KOVNER 2017). When I decided to work on a psychiatric ward, the main reason was to care for those patients who have suffered from a social stigma because of their condition (Corrigan et al. 2012). All medical practitioners have to swear an oath, which is to take care of the patients in all condition. The nurses also have to follow a certain code of ethics. However, in the real ward, social stigma around mental health is more prevalent from the ancient time. Even in todays world, people consider the mental patients as a burden over the society and unfortunately, some of the medical practitioner thinks the same (Lindwall et al, 2012). These medical practitioners treat the patients as animals. In the above-mentioned case in Whiting, all the accused has tortured the victim in a sadistic way. I think this incident relates to the social stigma around the patients who has a mental condition. Sometimes the patients does not report these incidents as they think that because of their condition, the authority will not believe them. Because of the ancient stigma around mental health, the patients are also ashamed of the fact and decide not to tell anyone about the problem (Hansson et al 2013). When I first started coming to the psychiatric ward, I felt that the social stigma around mental health is hard to go. However, as a ward nurse I try my best for the welfare of all the patients. As I have mentioned earlier that being a nurse at a psychiatric ward is being no less than a warrior as the violent patients have attacked me for several times (Ilic 2012). Nevertheless, my job ethics taught me to be compassionate towards the patients. As a healthcare practitioner not only, I help the patients to recover their illness, but also help them to return in normal life. This knowledge has helped me to overcome the stigma around mental health (Pescosolido et al. 2013). Evaluation of the portfolio: The social context around mental health has been stigmatized from ancient history. This tradition is the same for every country. As I am a nurse working at a psychiatric ward of a hospital, I am responsible for the health and wellness of all of my patients; I try to indulge them in some creative works according to their likeness (Mak and Cheung 2012). This helps them to think of me, as their friend and they feels free to talk to me when needed. This led me into the receiving situation in which Mr. Jasper Smith, a patient with schizophrenia and delusion talked me about an incident. The patient accused a nurse of abusing him. However, the patient is delusional, and might accuse falsely; I decided to take the matter to the nurse manager (Robson et al. 2013). There have been a recent incident in which 31 ward staffs has inhumanly abused a patient with mental condition, and many incidents like this has been resurfacing. I think that the stigma around mental health has to do with it. The social stigma around mental health has been around since ages and still going strong. As a healthcare professional, I have been trying to and will still try to break the stigma. I will encourage the other ward nurses and the people around me to break the stigma as well. Helping the patients turn into the mainstream is needed (Tucker et al 2013). References: Morse, G., Salyers, M.P., Rollins, A.L., Monroe-DeVita, M. and Pfahler, C., 2012. Burnout in mental health services: A review of the problem and its remediation.Administration and Policy in Mental Health and Mental Health Services Research,39(5), pp.341-352. Rankin, B., 2013. Emotional intelligence: enhancing values?based practice and compassionate care in nursing.Journal of advanced nursing,69(12), pp.2717-2725. Rssler, W., 2012. Stress, burnout, and job dissatisfaction in mental health workers.European archives of psychiatry and clinical neuroscience,262(2), pp.65-69. Townsend, M.C., 2014.Psychiatric mental health nursing: Concepts of care in evidence-based practice. FA Davis. Van Bogaert, P., Wouters, K., Willems, R., Mondelaers, M. and Clarke, S., 2013. Work engagement supports nurse workforce stability and quality of care: nursing team?level analysis in psychiatric hospitals.Journal of psychiatric and mental health nursing,20(8), pp.679-686. Baldwin, S. and Barker, P.J., 2013.Ethical issues in mental health. Springer. Fortinash, K.M. and Worret, P.A.H., 2014.Psychiatric Mental Health Nursing-E-Book. Elsevier Health Sciences. Hansson, L., Jormfeldt, H., Svedberg, P. and Svensson, B., 2013. Mental health professionals attitudes towards people with mental illness: Do they differ from attitudes held by people with mental illness?.International Journal of Social Psychiatry,59(1), pp.48-54. Happell, B., Platania-Phung, C. and Scott, D., 2013. Physical health care for people with mental illness: Training needs for nurses.Nurse Education Today,33(4), pp.396-401. Hilsdon, J., 2012. Rethinking reflection.The Journal of Practice Teaching and Learning,6(1), pp.57-70. Lucas, P., 2012, November. Critical reflection. What do we really mean. In2012 Australian Collaborative Education Network National Conference(p. 163). Corrigan, P.W., Morris, S.B., Michaels, P.J., Rafacz, J.D. and Rsch, N., 2012. Challenging the public stigma of mental illness: a meta-analysis of outcome studies.Psychiatric services,63(10), pp.963-973. Hansson, L., Jormfeldt, H., Svedberg, P. and Svensson, B., 2013. Mental health professionals attitudes towards people with mental illness: Do they differ from attitudes held by people with mental illness?.International Journal of Social Psychiatry,59(1), pp.48-54. Ilic, M., Reinecke, J., Bohner, G., Hans-Onno, R., Beblo, T., Driessen, M., Frommberger, U. and Corrigan, P.W., 2012. Protecting self-esteem from stigma: A test of different strategies for coping with the stigma of mental illness.International Journal of Social Psychiatry,58(3), pp.246-257. KOVNER, J. (2017).Worker In Expanding Patient-Abuse Scandal At Whiting Forensic Freed After Posting Bail. [online] courant.com. Available at: https://www.courant.com/news/connecticut/hc-whiting-abuse-arraignment-20170906-story.html [Accessed 25 Sep. 2017]. Lindwall, L., Boussaid, L., Kulzer, S. and Wigerblad, ., 2012. Patient dignity in psychiatric nursing practice.Journal of Psychiatric and Mental Health Nursing,19(7), pp.569-576. Pescosolido, B.A., Medina, T.R., Martin, J.K. and Long, J.S., 2013. The backbone of stigma: identifying the global core of public prejudice associated with mental illness.American journal of public health,103(5), pp.853-860. Mak, W.W. and Cheung, R.Y., 2012. Psychological distress and subjective burden of caregivers of people with mental illness: the role of affiliate stigma and face concern.Community Mental Health Journal,48(3), pp.270-274. Robson, D., Haddad, M., Gray, R. and Gournay, K., 2013. Mental health nursing and physical health care: A cross?sectional study of nurses' attitudes, practice, and perceived training needs for the physical health care of people with severe mental illness.International Journal of Mental Health Nursing,22(5), pp.409-417. Tucker, J.R., Hammer, J.H., Vogel, D.L., Bitman, R.L., Wade, N.G. and Maier, E.J., 2013. Disentangling self-stigma: Are mental illness and help-seeking self-stigmas different?.Journal of Counseling Psychology,60(4), p.520.

Symbolism and Allegory in Glaspell’s A Jury of Her Peers Essay Example

Symbolism and Allegory in Glaspell’s A Jury of Her Peers Essay Oftentimes two realities co-exist in the nature of human experience:   the way things are supposed to be and the way things are.   Susan Glaspell’s short story â€Å"A Jury of Her Peers† illuminates this idea through a type of allegory.   On one level, the characters are attempting to solve a murder mystery, but on another level, the characters are seeking the ultimate justices.   As expressed above, these things are often not the same thing.   Through the use of symbols and allegory, the story seeks to reveal both the conflict inherent in simply following the letter of the law and in the gender roles of the early 20th century.Minnie Foster and Minnie Wright are the same person as far as the sheriff,   Mr. Peters, the deputy, Mr. Hale, and the district attorney, Mr. Henderson,   are concerned.   Minnie Foster married John Wright and thus became Minnie Foster Wright.   She is the chief suspect, the only suspect, in his murder, and the men are determined to find the one clue that will allow a jury to convict her.   The conflict occurs when the deputy’s wife, Martha Hale, begins to separate Minnie into two people – the former and the latter.   The former was pretty, social and â€Å"fluttery† while the latter was unhappy, isolated and quiet.   It is her ability to see both Minnie’s at the same time, and to convince Mrs. Peters of the same, that ultimately provides the impetus for the action the women take in the name of justice.The ideas of law and justice run central to this play, with the men symbolizing the law and the women symbolizing justice.   The law states that a murderer must be punished for her crime.   Justice, to Mrs. Hale and, later, Mrs. Peters, means that the right and fair thing is done.   The ultimate gender disparity is the focus of males versus the focus of the females on this cold and sad morning. Mr. Hale jokes â€Å"women are used to worrying over trifles†(Glaspel l 337) to explain Minnie’s concern about her preserves.   However, it is exactly this concern over trifles that saves Minnie Foster.While the men poke fun at the disarray of Minnie’s kitchen, the women see the significance of the work â€Å"left half done† (Glaspell 339).   After all, Mrs. Hale had to leave her flour half-sifted to come to the murder scene.   The dirty towels and broken preserve bottles are symbolic of the trouble and extra work that men who do not worry about trifles cause women.   Both Mrs. Hale and Mrs. Peters are aware of the hard work that goes in to putting up the fruit, of keeping clean towels, and of the general hard work of   the farm and slowly align against the men who seem to dismiss it.As the men go upstairs to search the crime scene,   Mr. Hale wonders if the women would â€Å"know a clue if they came upon it† (Glaspell 338).   This is ironic, because it is only the women that are able to recreate the murder sc ene.  Ã‚   According to Mary Bendel-Simso, â€Å"The mens inability to see the facts of the situation is emphasized by Mrs. Hale and Mrs. Peterss ability to deduce the discouraging course of Minnies life over the previous 20 years† (293).   They are able to conclude that her life had been one of solitude, that her life and energy had been pressed out of her by her husband.   They are able to realize this because they are women and because they can empathize with the woman.   Ã‚  Minnie Foster had been figuratively killed, leaving Minnie Wright to suffer alone.Of course the ultimate clue comes in a place that the men would certainly consider a trifle – her sewing basket.   Neither woman knew Minnie Wright well enough to explain the empty birdcage until they think to bring her sewing materials to the jailhouse.   There they discover the answer and the clue that would certainly hang Minnie – the strangled canary.   Over the years of painful quiet and solitude, the women surmise that the bird was her only joy.   Clearly, John Wright felt the cruel need to strip his wife of even this. The women guiltily are reminded of their own neglect of Minnie over the years, avoiding her because her home was off the road in a hollow and basically â€Å"uncheerful.†The story is not just about the murder of a man.   It is more about the murder of a woman, and of several women like her, even, perhaps, a part of Mrs. Hale and Mrs. Peters themselves. The women both slowly come to understand that this â€Å"murder† of Minnie Foster must be avenged.   â€Å"John Wright slowly strangled Minnies spirit over the previous two decades, isolating her physically and mentally from the community of women and holding her incommunicado. In light of this spiritual homicide, he is charged withand found guilty ofdestroying his wife creatively, procreatively, and communicatively† (Bendel-Simso 295).   The caged and strangled   bird is Minnie, of course, and Minnie is the caged and strangled bird.   Both caged, both eager to be free, their lives slowly entwined. The murder of the bird was the murder of Minnie. To the women, John Wright’s crime is far greater than his wife’s.Mrs. Peters, slower to come to the conclusion of what she and Mrs. Hale should do, finally acquiesces, as evidenced in her remarks concerning a painful childhood memory in which a boy kills her kitten.   She admits to feeling violent and having to be restrained from hurting the boy.     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Karen Alkalay-Gut calls this a â€Å"uniquely feminine experience† that links Mrs. Peters more to Minnie than to the men (6).   Both women agree to hide the evidence, thus ensuring Minnie’s safety.Ironically, it is the trifles – the bird, the kitchen, the preserves – that lead the women to solve the murder.   While they seem to eschew the law of man, they fully, in their minds, u phold justice of women.   The quilt, the ultimate work of community, unites the story.   As Alkalay-Gut notes, the quilt is the means by which the â€Å"triviality† of life becomes â€Å"incorporated into the larger framework† of life (7).   This is exactly what the women were able to do.   The messy kitchen, the broken jars and the odd quilt square lead the women to the exact situation while the men, the problems themselves, miss it.While the gender disparities are obvious, the story is not simply one of sexism, warns Alkalay-Gut (9).   It is, after all, the desire of Mrs. Peters that Mrs. Hale come along to keep her company.   Women seek women mainly for comfort, not for battle.   They seek one another because of their common experiences.   It is this notion of community of women that saves Minnie.   Alkalay-Gut asserts that the idea of fairness is central in the minds of these two women (9), so central that they are willing to place it on a higher rung than law.   The community of women, the jury of Minnie’s peers† is applying justice at this higher level.   The law of men in this case, must fall to the justice of the peers, as the title suggests.â€Å"A Jury of Her Peers† can be read on many levels.   First, it is a murder mystery in which the men are trying to apply a law.   Next, it is the representation of the community of women who are finally able to apply justice to the situation.   Finally, it is an indictment against the men for failing to see the symbolic importance of what they call trifles.   These trifles are the very mechanisms by which Minnie is justly acquitted.   Therefore, the law, which asserts that each person be tried by a jury of his peers is upheld. The words of Mrs. Peters sum up this idea when she says â€Å"A person gets discouraged – and loses heart† (Glaspell, 341).   Indeed she did; indeed they do.